The Thyroid Gland is essential for keeping our bodies working properly. It helps with functions such as energy, metabolism, and hormones. However, when the thyroid is low functioning, it can lead to various health issues that disrupt normal bodily functions and can lead to symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, brain fog, constipation, cold hands and feet, hair loss, fertility issues, to name a few.
Thyroid conditions are often missed and overlooked by the conventional health care system. The physicians at Luminary Health perform a comprehensive thyroid assessment which includes an enhanced thyroid blood work: TSH, fT4, fT3, rT3, thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPO’s). By performing all these tests, instead of just the basic screening TSH test, physicians are able to take a deeper look into thyroid function to assess whether it could be a contributing factor to your symptoms.
It’s important to consider optimal reference ranges of thyroid hormones, and not just go by reference ranges listed in the blood work. Just because your results may land in the reference range, does not mean your levels are optimal. Make sure to speak with your naturopathic physician about optimal levels. By optimizing thyroid hormone levels, one’s symptom picture can drastically improve as well as quality of life.
At Luminary Health, we’re committed to personalized care that considers your whole health. We want to help you diagnose, manage and treat thyroid problems in the best way possible. Read on to learn more about the thyroid, different thyroid issues, what signs to look out for, and the treatments available at Luminary Health.
What is the Thyroid?
The thyroid is a tiny, butterfly-shaped gland situated at the base of the neck, right below the Adam’s apple. It may be small, but it’s powerful, as it produces hormones that affect nearly every organ in the body, playing a crucial role in your overall health.
What Does the Thyroid Do?
The thyroid plays a key role in regulating the body’s metabolism by producing and releasing hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control how the body uses energy, influencing important functions such as heart rate, body temperature, and weight management.
In essence, the thyroid helps keep your energy levels up and your overall health in check by ensuring that your metabolism runs smoothly. If the thyroid isn’t working properly, it can cause a range of health issues that can affect your daily life.
Types of Thyroid Disorders
In this section, we will look at different types of thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, and thyroid cancer.
Each disorder has its symptoms, causes, and effects on health. Understanding these disorders is important for early detection, proper management, and effective treatment to help those affected.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, slowing down the body’s metabolism.
Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, constipation, and depression. Signs of hypothyroidism include increased blood cholesterol levels, and fertility issues.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
The most common cause is Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder. Other contributing causes may include iodine or other nutrient deficiencies, food intolerances, chronic stress and inflammation, exposure to heavy metals, estrogens, certain medications, and thyroid ablation.
Impact of Hypothyroidism on Health
Hypothyroidism can lead to a variety of health issues, such as elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease, depression, weight gain and digestive and fertility concerns. Proper management is essential to restore normal metabolic function and improve quality of life.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, accelerating the body’s metabolism.
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, difficulty sleeping, loose stools, nervousness, tremors, and sweating.
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
The most common cause is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder. Other causes include thyroid nodules, excessive iodine intake, stress, or infection.
Impact of Hyperthyroidism on Health
If untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious health problems such as heart arrhythmias, osteoporosis, and thyrotoxic crisis. Effective treatment is crucial to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, often leading to hypothyroidism.
Symptoms of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, joint pain, and depression. In some cases, the thyroid may become enlarged, forming a goiter.
Effects of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis on the Thyroid
This condition gradually impairs the thyroid’s ability to produce hormones, resulting in decreased metabolic function. Long-term treatment is usually required to manage hormone levels.
Graves’ Disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system stimulates the thyroid to produce excess hormones.
Symptoms of Graves’ Disease
Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, anxiety, tremors, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos).
Impact of Graves’ Disease on Health
This condition can lead to severe metabolic acceleration, affecting the heart, bones, and overall health. Treatment is necessary to control hormone production and alleviate symptoms.
Thyroid Nodules and Cancer
These are lumps that form within the thyroid gland. While most nodules are benign, some can be cancerous.
Symptoms of Thyroid Nodules
Many thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms, but some may lead to swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, or voice changes.
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer occurs when malignant cells form within the tissues of the thyroid gland. Risk factors for thyroid cancer include a family history of thyroid disease, exposure to radiation, and certain genetic conditions.
Impact of Thyroid Cancer on Health
Thyroid cancer can often be treated successfully, especially when detected early. Regular monitoring and medical evaluation are crucial for managing nodules and diagnosing potential cancer early.
Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid disorders can manifest in various ways, and the symptoms often depend on whether the thyroid is overactive or underactive. Common symptoms include:
Fatigue: A persistent feeling of tiredness or exhaustion, regardless of sleep quality.
Weight Changes: Unexplained weight gain or loss that is not related to diet or exercise.
Mood Swings: Emotional instability, including anxiety, depression, or irritability.
Temperature Sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to cold (common in hypothyroidism) or heat (typical in hyperthyroidism).
Hair and Skin Changes: Dry, coarse hair and skin, hair loss, or brittle nails.
Heart Rate Variations: Slow or rapid heart rate, palpitations, or irregular heartbeat.
Swelling: An enlargement of the thyroid gland, known as a goiter, can cause swelling in the neck.
Digestive Issues: Constipation (more common in hypothyroidism) or frequent bowel movements and diarrhea (more common in hyperthyroidism).
Thyroid Disorders and Quality of Life
Thyroid disorders have a substantial impact on daily life and overall well-being. The ongoing tiredness and mood changes associated with these conditions can make it hard to work, connect with others, and enjoy social activities. Weight and hair loss changes can also affect how you feel about yourself and your body.
In the long term, thyroid issues can increase the risk of heart problems and weak bones and make pregnancy more complicated. It’s essential to get the right diagnosis and treatment to help with these symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with thyroid disorders.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders
When doctors suspect a thyroid disorder, they usually start by reviewing the patient’s medical history and performing a physical exam. They ask about symptoms, family history, and other health issues. During the exam, they may feel the neck to check for thyroid swelling or lumps and look for physical signs like changes in skin or abnormal heart rate.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are crucial for diagnosing thyroid disorders. The primary tests include:
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test: This test measures the level of TSH, which regulates thyroid hormone production. High TSH levels typically indicate hypothyroidism, while low levels suggest hyperthyroidism.
Triiodothyronine (fT3) and Thyroxine (fT4) Tests: Measure the levels of these hormones to determine thyroid function. Elevated levels of T3 and T4 indicate hyperthyroidism, while low levels indicate hypothyroidism.
Thyroid Antibody Tests: These tests help diagnose autoimmune thyroid disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease by detecting specific antibodies.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests provide a visual assessment of the thyroid gland and help identify structural abnormalities:
Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of the thyroid gland. It can detect nodules, cysts, and enlargement of the thyroid.
CT Scans and MRI: These imaging techniques are sometimes used to get a detailed view of the thyroid and surrounding tissues, especially if a more comprehensive assessment is needed.
Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test: This test measures how much radioactive iodine the thyroid absorbs, helping to evaluate thyroid function and differentiate between different thyroid disorders.
Biopsy
When imaging tests detect suspicious nodules in the thyroid, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be needed. This involves using a thin needle to collect a sample of cells from the nodule for examination under a microscope. The biopsy is essential for diagnosing thyroid cancer and planning appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options for Thyroid Disorders
Let’s take a look at some conventional treatment options for people with thyroid disorders:
Medication
Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism is conventionally treated with levothyroxine (T4), a synthetic hormone that helps restore normal hormone levels and alleviate symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and mood swings. Many Naturopathic physicians consider compounded versions of Levothyroxine (T4) with to L-Thyronine (T3). Other forms of thyroid hormones are also considered such as Armour Thyroid (Dessicated). These hormones can be compounded to specific dosages tailored to individual requirements.
Hyperthyroidism: Antithyroid drugs like methimazole or propylthiouracil are often conventionally prescribed for hyperthyroidism. They help by reducing the production of thyroid hormones, which can control symptoms like rapid heart rate, weight loss, and anxiety. Naturopathic physicians also consider nutraceutical support, herbal medicine, and nutritional recommendations to support the hyper-functioning thyroid.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Radioactive iodine therapy is a common treatment for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. It involves taking a radioactive iodine capsule or liquid absorbed by the thyroid gland. This destroys overactive thyroid cells and reduces hormone production. In the case of thyroid cancer, it helps eliminate any remaining cancerous cells after surgery. Patients need to follow specific guidelines to minimize radiation exposure to others.
Surgery
Surgery may be needed for some thyroid disorders, especially if other treatments don’t work or if there’s a chance of cancer. The most common surgery is called a thyroidectomy, where part or all of the thyroid gland is removed.
Surgery might be recommended for people with large goiters causing compression symptoms, suspicious thyroid nodules, or confirmed thyroid cancer. After surgery, patients may need hormone replacement therapy to keep their thyroid hormone levels normal.
Lifestyle and Dietary Changes
Lifestyle and dietary changes play a crucial role in managing thyroid disorders. A balanced diet rich in essential nutrients supports overall thyroid health. Specific recommendations may include:
Adequate Iodine Intake: Iodine is important for the thyroid to work correctly, and those with an underactive thyroid must get enough iodine in their diet, or consider supplementing with iodine.
Selenium and Zinc: These minerals are important for thyroid hormone production and conversion. Nuts, seeds, and seafood are good sources.
Regular Exercise: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and supports overall well-being.
Stress Management: Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and yoga can help manage stress, which can impact thyroid function. Cortisol and chronic stress directly affect thyroid function.
Nutrition and dietary intervention: Depending on your thyroid condition, the physicians at Liminary will provide nutritional recommendations to optimize thyroid function, whether that be considering food sensitivities such as gluten intolerance or other inflammatory foods that impact thyroid function. Adding in nutrients listed above such as selenium, zinc, Vitamin D, B12, and iron can also optimize thyroid hormone function. Other nutritional supplements may be recommended by your physician.
Chelation and removal of heavy metals: heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can negatively impact thyroid function. Read here about chelation therapy.
A Different Approach to Wellness at Luminary Health
Each patient’s experience with thyroid disorders is unique. We start by evaluating your medical history, symptoms, and lifestyle. Based on this, we create a personalized treatment plan to meet your specific needs and health goals. Our goal is to provide customized solutions to optimize thyroid function and improve quality of life.
Luminary Health offers wellness by combining conventional medical treatments with complementary therapies, creating a well-rounded treatment plan that supports overall well-being and enhances traditional medical treatments.
Managing thyroid disorders requires ongoing monitoring and treatment adjustments. At Luminary Health, we prioritize regular follow-ups to track progress and make necessary therapy modifications. Our team provides continuous support and personalized care to help you achieve and maintain optimal thyroid health.
Final Thoughts
The thyroid gland is crucial in maintaining our overall health by regulating energy levels, metabolism, and hormone production. When the thyroid is not functioning correctly, it can lead to health issues that significantly impact daily life and well-being.
At Luminary Health, we are dedicated to providing personalized support for individuals with thyroid disorders. Our comprehensive approach combines conventional medical treatments with complementary therapies to address your unique needs and optimize your thyroid health.
If you are experiencing symptoms of a thyroid disorder or have been diagnosed with one, don’t wait to seek help. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for managing symptoms and improving your quality of life.
Contact Luminary Health to schedule a consultation and learn more about our treatment plans.
Thyroid Disorders FAQs
What are the common symptoms of thyroid disorders?
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, temperature sensitivity, hair and skin changes, heart rate variations, swelling in the neck, and digestive issues.
How are thyroid disorders diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves reviewing medical history, physical exams, blood tests (TSH, T3, T4, and antibody tests), imaging tests (ultrasound, CT scans, MRI), and sometimes a fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
What treatments are available for hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is usually treated with levothyroxine, a synthetic hormone that helps restore normal thyroid hormone levels.
Bio-identical hormones such as desiccated thyroid, L-thyronine (T3), or a compounded combination of T4 and T3.
Can lifestyle changes help manage thyroid disorders?
Lifestyle and dietary changes, such as adequate iodine intake, selenium and zinc consumption, regular exercise, and stress management, can support overall thyroid health.
What makes Luminary Health’s approach to thyroid treatment unique?
Luminary Health offers a unique approach, combining conventional medical treatments with complementary therapies, creating a personalized treatment plan tailored to your needs and health goals.
